CONFINED SPACES

 

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·       DEFINITION

·       TRAINING

·       HAZARD ASSESSMENT

·       ENTRY PROGRAM

Ø    Entry permits

Ø    Lockout and isolation

Ø    Atmosphere testing

Ø    Ventilation

Ø    Standby person

Ø    Rescue

Ø    Personal protective equipment (PPE)

 

DEFINITION

A confined space means an enclosed or partially enclosed space that is not designed or intended for regular human occupancy; has restricted access or exit; and that is or may become hazardous to a person entering it because of its design, construction, location, atmosphere or the materials or substances in it or other conditions. (Occupational Safety General Regulations 44/99, 129)

 

TRAINING

Entry workers and rescue workers must be trained at least every two years. The training must include the proper use of PPE, written rescue procedures, communications, work limitations in confined space, and how to identify a hazard in a confined space. (Occupational Safety General Regulations 44/99, 130)

 

HAZARD ASSESSMENT

A competent person must perform an assessment of the confined space before entry is allowed. (Occupational Safety General Regulations 44/99, 130)

 

ENTRY PROGRAM

Entry permits

No one may enter a confined space without a written permit. Permits are not valid for more than 24 hours. The permit must be posted at the entrance to the confined space for the duration of the entry. Retain all permits for 12 months. (Occupational Safety General Regulations 44/99, 129 - 130)

 

Lockout and isolation

Any liquid, free flowing solid or hazardous substance into the confined space that could endanger the health or safety of a person has been prevented by a secure means of  disconnection, the fitting of blank flanges or the implementation of a  double block and bleed written procedure established by the employer  or similar positive actions.

 

Any machine, equipment, tool or electrical installation that presents a hazard to a person entering into, exiting from or occupying the confined space has been locked out. (Occupational Safety General Regulations 44/99, 130)

 

Atmosphere testing

A competent person must perform the following tests:

 

Determine whether the concentrations, levels or percentages referred to above can be maintained during the period of proposed occupancy of the confined space.

 

Keep written copies of the tests (assessments) for 12 months.  (Occupational Safety General Regulations 44/99, 130)

 

Ventilation

If the atmospheric testing indicates that an occupational exposure limit is exceeded, the level of a physical agent is hazardous or the oxygen level is too high or too low, an employer shall purge the confined space at least twice to eliminate the hazards. After the purging, the employer must retest to confirm the atmosphere in the confined space is safe. (Occupational Safety General Regulations 44/99, 132)

 

Where the atmosphere contains a substance in excess of 50 percent of its lower explosive limit, or the space contains a flammable or explosive hazard, the employer must make the atmosphere in the confined space inert and provide PPE to the entry person. (Occupational Safety General Regulations 44/99, 133)

 

Standby person

Where a person enters a confined space, an employer shall ensure that a designated competent person is in attendance in the immediate vicinity of the confined space, has a means of adequate communication with a person inside the confined space, is provided with a means of activating the rescue procedure in an emergency, is adequately trained in the emergency response procedure and maintains a record of who is in the confined space. (Occupational Safety General Regulations 44/99, 134)

 

Rescue

Where a person enters a confined space, an employer shall ensure that a designated competent person is in attendance in the immediate vicinity of the confined space, has a means of adequate communication with a person inside the confined space, is provided with a means of activating the rescue procedure in an emergency, is adequately trained in the emergency response procedure and maintains a record of who is in the confined space. (Occupational Safety General Regulations 44/99, 134)

 

Personal protective equipment (PPE)

Entrants must use PPE to enter a confined space when the assessment finds the use of PPE is required. PPE must be provided as close as reasonably practicable to the entrance to the confined space before a person enters the confined space. (Occupational Safety General Regulations 44/99, 134)

 

An employer shall provide appropriate respiratory protective equipment to a person who enters a confined space where the concentration of a chemical substance or a mixture of chemical substances in a confined space is hazardous to the health or safety of a person. (Occupational Safety General Regulations 44/99, 135)

 

 

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